As of mid-2025, over 150+ countries had signed on to agreements tied to the Belt and Road Initiative. Cumulative contracts and investments surpassed approximately US$1.3 trillion. Together, these figures showcase China’s substantial footprint in global infrastructure development. The BRI, introduced by Xi Jinping in 2013, merges the Silk Road Economic Belt with the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road. It functions as …
Applying The BRI Five-Pronged Approach To Circular Economy Models








